Genome-wide identification of the banana GLR gene family and its expression analysis in response to low temperature and abscisic acid/methyl jasmonate / 生物工程学报

Glutamate receptor-like (GLR) is an important class of Ca2+ channel proteins, playing important roles in plant growth and development as well as in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this paper, we performed genome-wide identification of banana GLR gene family based on banana genomic data. Moreover, we analyzed the basic physicochemical properties, gene structure, conserved motifs, promoter cis-acting elements, evolutionary relationships, and used real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to verify the expression patterns of some GLR family members under low temperature of 4 ℃ and different hormone treatments. The results showed that there were 19 MaGLR family members in Musa acuminata, 16 MbGLR family members in Musa balbisiana and 14 MiGLR family members in Musa itinerans. Most of the members were stable proteins and had signal peptides, all of them had 3-6 transmembrane structures. Prediction of subcellular localization indicated that all of them were localized on the plasma membrane and irregularly distributed on the chromosome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that banana GLRs could be divided into 3 subclades. The results of promoter cis-acting elements and transcription factor binding site prediction showed that there were multiple hormone- and stress-related response elements and 18 TFBS in banana GLR. RT-qPCR analysis showed that MaGLR1.1 and MaGLR3.5 responded positively to low temperature stress and were significantly expressed in abscisic acid/methyl jasmonate treatments. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that GLR, a highly conserved family of ion channels, may play an important role in the growth and development process and stress resistance of banana.

Enfermedad del desgaste en praderas de Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae) y su relación con el perfil metabólico / Wasting disease in Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae) meadows and its relationship with metabolic profile

Resumen Introducción: Los protistas del género Labyrinthula causan la denominada "Enfermedad del desgaste" en el pasto marino, Thalassia testudinum. Desde el 2008 los monitoreos en el Caribe colombiano han mostrado variación espacial y temporal en la incidencia de la enfermedad, pero sin la alta mortalidad observada en otras regiones del mundo. Objetivo: Analizar algunos parámetros epidemiológicos en T. testudinum y comparar metabolitos entre plantas sanas e infectadas. Métodos: Registramos la severidad, incidencia y prevalencia de esta enfermedad en el Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona e Isla de Providencia, y analizamos muestras de agua y sedimentos. Además, aplicamos cromatografía líquida y de gases, junto con espectrometría de masas, a extractos metanólicos de muestras de hojas y rizomas de brotes sanos e infectados. Resultados: Las praderas se encontraban en buen estado, a pesar de la escasez de brotes de fanerógamas marinas en Tayrona y una alta incidencia (15 %) y severidad (355 %) de la enfermedad en Providencia. Las plantas infectadas tenían niveles más bajos de fenoles, flavonoides y azúcares. Las flavonas sulfatadas con aglicona luteolina y diosmetina, los esteroles (sitosterol y estigmasterol) y las oxilipinas volátiles se acumularon en las hojas (3-hidroxi-2-isopentanona) y los ácidos isopentanoico y octadecatrienoico en los rizomas. Conclusiones: Estos pastos marinos colombianos tienen producción diferencial de metabolitos. Probablemente como una defensa exitosa, aún a niveles bajos de severidad (0.1 %) e incidencia (1 %) de la enfermedad.

Abstract Introduction: Protists of the genus Labyrinthula cause the so-called "Wasting Disease" in seagrass, Thalassia testudinum. Monitoring in the Colombian Caribbean since 2008 has shown spatial and temporal variation in the disease's incidence, but without the high mortality observed in other regions of the world. Objective: To analyze some epidemiological parameters in T. testudinum and to compare metabolites between healthy and infected plants. Methods: We recorded severity, incidence and prevalence of this disease in Tayrona National Natural Park and Providencia Island, and we analyze water and sediment samples. Additionally, we applied gas and liquid chromatography, coupled with mass spectrometry, to methanolic extracts from leaf and rhizome samples of healthy and infected shoots. Results: The meadows were in good condition, despite the scarce seagrass shoots in Tayrona and a high incidence (15 %) and severity (35.5 %) of the disease in Providencia. Infected plants had lower levels of phenols, flavonoids and sugars. Sulphated flavones with aglycone luteolin and diosmetin, sterols (sitosterol and stigmasterol) and volatile oxylipins are accumulated in leaves (3-hydroxy-2-isopentanone) and isopentaenoic and octadecatrienoic acids in rhizomes. Conclusions: These Colombian seagrasses have differential production of metabolites. Probably as a successful defense, even at low levels of severity (0.1 %) and incidence (1 %) of the disease.

In vitro bacterial adherence on teeth submitted to whitening with musa paradisiaca / Adherencia bacteriana in vitro en dientes sometidos a blanqueamiento con musa paradisiaca

Objetive: To compare in vitro bacterial adherence on teeth submitted to whitening with 50% ethanolic extract of Musa paradisiaca and 35% hydrogen peroxide. Material and Methods: The study was experimental and used 18 premolars that were grouped into: G1 (control), G2 (50% ethanol extract of Musa paradisiaca) and G3 (35% hydrogen peroxide). The teeth were then exposed to a Streptococcus mutans culture for 24 hours, followed by centrifugation in thioglycolate broth. A culture on trypticase soy agar was done with a 1 in 100 dilution, and after 48 hours colony forming units (CFU) were counted. Statistical analysis was performed using the ANOVA test, complemented by the Bonferroni post-hoc. Results: Bacterial adherence was 77x105 CFU/ml in Group 3 using 35% hydrogen peroxide, 40x105 CFU/ml in Group 2 using 50% ethanol extract of Musa paradisiaca, and 89x104 CFU/ml in Group 1 (control). The difference between the three groups was significant (p=0.000). Conclusion: Both whitening methods cause bacterial adherence to the tooth surface, although to a lower degree with Musa paradisiaca.eses.

Objetivo: Comparar la adherencia bacteriana in vitro en dientes sometidos a blanqueamiento con extracto etanólico de Musa paradisiaca al 50% y con peróxido de hidrógeno al 35%. Material y Métodos: Comparar la adherencia bacteriana in vitro en dientes sometidos a blanqueamiento con extracto etanólico de Musa paradisiaca al 50% y con peróxido de hidrógeno al 35%.Resultados: La adherencia bacteriana fue de 77x105 UFC/ml con el peróxido de hidrógeno al 35%, de 40x105 UFC/ml con el extracto etanólico de Musa paradisiaca al 50% y de 89x104 UFC/ml con el control. La diferencia fue significativa entre los tres grupos (p=0.000). Conclusión: Ambos métodos de blanqueamiento causan adherencia bacteriana en la superficie dental, siendo menor con Musa paradisiaca.

An allometric model to estimate total leaf area of banana plants of the cultivar Vitória (AAAB) / Um modelo alométrico para estimativa da área foliar total de bananeiras da cultivar Vitória (AAAB)

The plants physiological processes such as transpiration and photosynthetic efficiency are directly related to leaf area, which is difficult to quantify in a nondestructive manner. To generate a model to estimate the total leaf area of plants of banana cv. Vitória, simple and multiple linear regressions utilizing the length and width of the third leaf, the product of length and width of the third leaf, and the total number of leaves of 'Vitória' plants, were tested. The data to develop the model were obtained from 'Vitória' banana plants from different edafoclimatic conditions and management. The best performance of the model was obtained using stepwise multiple regression with r2=0.93 and r2= 0.94. Validation of the model resulted in an r2 of 0.74.

Processos fisiológicos das plantas como transpiração e eficiência fotossintética estão diretamente relacionados à área foliar, a qual é difícil quantificar de forma não destrutiva. Para gerar um modelo para estimar a área foliar total de plantas da cv. Vitória, foram testadas regressões lineares simples e múltiplas utilizando comprimento e largura da terceira folha, o produto comprimento e largura da terceira folha e número total de folhas. Os dados para desenvolver o modelo foram obtidos de cultivos com diferentes condições edafoclimáticas e de manejo. O melhor modelo foi obtido por meio de regressão múltipla stepwise com r2 = 0,93 e r2 = 0,94. A validação do modelo resultou em r2 de 0,74.

Influência do metil-jasmonato na formação de compostos voláteis do aroma em Bananas (Musa acuminata cv. Nanicão) e Laranjas (Citrus sinensis cv. Pera) / Influence of methyljasmonate on the formation of aroma volatile compounds in Bananas (Musa acuminata cv. Nanicão) and Oranges (Citrus sinensis cv. Pera)

O principal hormônio associado aos processos do amadurecimento é o etileno, porém, na formação de compostos voláteis nos frutos, observa-se que as auxinas, o ácido abscísico e os jasmonatos também podem atuar como reguladores. Estudos indicam que em frutos climatéricos deve haver uma interação entre o metil jasmonato (MeJA) e o etileno na formação de compostos voláteis, mas em frutos não-climatéricos tal interação não é tão evidente. Há evidências de que o MeJA atue na regulação de algumas vias metabólicas relacionadas ao amadurecimento em frutos, sendo capaz de induzir aumento na produção de várias classes de compostos voláteis, através da expressão de genes que codificam as enzimas relacionadas às suas vias biossintéticas. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste projeto foi avaliar o efeito do metil jasmonato sobre o padrão de produção de compostos voláteis do aroma em frutos climatéricos e não-climatéricos. Precedentes do laboratório de Química, Bioq. e Biol. Molecular de Alimentos indicam que o MeJA apresentou padrões diferentes de comportamento em frutos climatéricos e não-climatéricos no que tange a formação do aroma. Assim, o presente projeto tem por hipótese a diferença de influência que o MeJA exerce sobre a produção de compostos voláteis em frutos climatéricos e não-climatéricos. Para testar esta hipótese foi avaliado o efeito do tratamento com MeJA na produção de compostos voláteis do aroma durante o amadurecimento de banana (Musa acuminata, cv. Nanicão), como exemplo de fruto climatérico e laranja (Citrus sinensis cv Pêra) para não-climatéricos. Os frutos foram divididos em grupo controle e tratado com MeJA (10 ppm/24h), armazenados em caixas plásticas tampadas e lacradas. Após tratamento foram submetidos a análises diárias da produção de etileno por cromatrogafia gasosa (CG), cor da casca e pesagem. Baseado em escalas de cor e a polpa foi congelada em N2 líq. e armazenada a -80°C para posterior análise dos compostos voláteis por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC-MS). Ésteres, álcoois, cetonas e aldeídos foram compostos majoritariamente identificados na banana e terpenos, aldeídos, ésteres na laranja. As Bananas sofreram influência no perfil de acetato de isoamila, butonoato de butila, isobutirato de isoamila e isolvalerato de isoamila do começo ao fim do tratamento com MeJA, e as laranjas o tratamento influenciou os compostos Cis-muirola-3-5-diene, gamageraniol, alfa-copaeno, valenceno, alfa-pineno, carvone, geranial, entre outros terpenos, aldeídos como 3-hexanal e 2-hexenal (E) e ésteres como butirato de etila, nerol e tiglato de etilo. Os ésteres em frutos são produzidos por várias isoformas das álcool acil transferases (AATs). Estudos explicam que, ao menos 31 transcritos de AATs foram identificados em bananas, sendo 8 com altos níveis de expressão. Assim, é plausível supor que tal variedade de transcritos, e por conseguinte as AATs que codificam, sejam reguladas por múltiplos fatores, o que pode incluir o MeJa dentre outros sinais hormonais. Os terpenos são formados a partir de duas rotas, a do ácido mevalônico (MVA) e a rota do metileritritol fosfato (MEP). Compostos como, D-limoneno (51) e beta-selineno (62) tiveram níveis relativos maiores nos frutos do grupo controle, enquanto compostos terpênicos como geranial (59), valenceno (79) e o-cimeno (128), apresentaram maiores níveis nos frutos tratados com MeJa, no primeiro dia após o tratamento. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento hormonal com MeJA causou mudanças do início ao fim do amadurecimento na composição do aroma de bananas (Musa acuminata cv Nanicão) e laranjas (Citrus sinensis cv Pera)

The main hormone associated with ripening processes is ethylene, but in the formation of volatile compounds in fruits, auxins, abscisic acid and jasmonates can also act as regulators. Studies indicate that in climacteric fruits there should be an interaction between methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and ethylene in the formation of volatile compounds, but in nonclimacteric fruits such interaction is not so evident. There is evidence that MeJA acts in the regulation of some metabolic pathways related to fruit ripening, being able to induce an increase in the production of several classes of volatile compounds, through the expression of genes that encode enzymes related to their biosynthetic pathways. In this sense, the objective of this project was to evaluate the effect of methyl jasmonate on the production pattern of aroma volatile compounds in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. Precedents from the Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Bioq. and Molecular Biol. Molecular Chemistry, Bioq. and Molecular Biol. of Foods laboratory indicate that MeJA showed different behavior patterns in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits regarding aroma formation. Thus, the present project hypothesizes the different influence that MeJA has on the production of volatile compounds in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. To test this hypothesis the effect of MeJA treatment on the production of volatile aroma compounds during ripening of banana (Musa acuminata, cv. Nanicão) as an example for climacteric fruit and orange (Citrus sinensis cv Pêra) for non-climacteric fruit was evaluated. Fruits were divided into control and MeJA treated group (10 ppm/24h), stored in capped and sealed plastic boxes. After treatment they were subjected to daily analysis of ethylene production by gas chromatography (GC), peel color and weighing. Based on color scales and the pulp was frozen in liquid N2 and stored at -80°C for subsequent analysis of volatile compounds by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Esters, alcohols, ketones and aldehydes were compounds mostly identified in banana and terpenes, aldehydes, esters in orange. Bananas were influenced in the profile of isoamyl acetate, butyl butonoate, isoamyl isobutyrate and isoamyl isolvalerate from the beginning to the end of the MeJA treatment, and oranges the treatment influenced the compounds Cis-myrola-3-5-diene, gamma-geraniol, alpha-copaene, valencene, alpha-pinene, carvone, geranial, among other terpenes, aldehydes like 3-hexanal and 2-hexenal (E), and esters like ethyl butyrate, nerol, and ethyl tiglate. Esters in fruits are produced by various isoforms of the alcohol acyl transferases (AATs). Studies explain that at least 31 AAT transcripts have been identified in bananas, 8 of which have high expression levels. Thus, it is plausible to assume that such a variety of transcripts, and therefore the AATs they encode, are regulated by multiple factors, which may include MeJa among other hormonal signals. Terpenes are formed from two routes, the mevalonic acid (MVA) route and the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) route. Compounds such as, D-limonene (51) and beta-selinene (62) had higher relative levels in the fruits of the control group, while terpenic compounds such as geranial (59), valencene (79) and o-cymene (128), showed higher levels in the MeJa treated fruits on the first day after treatment. The results showed that the hormonal treatment with MeJA caused changes from the beginning to the end of ripening in the aroma composition of bananas (Musa acuminata cv Nanicão) and oranges (Citrus sinensis cv Pera)

El compostaje de cáscara de Musa paradisiaca L. para la producción de biogás y biometano como estrategia de preservación de la salud ambiental / Musa paradisiaca L. husk composting for biogas and biomethane production as a strategy for preserving environmental health

A medida que a se avanza en el siglo XXI, los sistemas de energía deben alejarse de los combustibles fósiles y aumentar la capacidad de las energías renovables si se quieren cumplir los objetivos de temperaturas máximas del Acuerdo de París. Sin embargo, debido a los desafíos en la adopción de tecnologías bajas en carbono, ciertas áreas de los sistemas energéticos globales son difíciles de controlar y descarburar. Por otra parte, el compostaje es una de las prácticas de gestión de residuos orgánicos más importantes que se puede utilizar para lograr la sostenibilidad del suelo y del medio ambiente. El compost tiene un mínimo impacto en algunas emisiones, y puede ayudar a controlar la huella de carbono y limitar los efectos ambientales negativos de los métodos de eliminación de desechos más deficientes. La investigación tuvo por objetivo determinar la calidad de producir biogás y biometano a partir de la cáscara de plátano (Musa paradisiaca L.). Metodológicamente se desarrolló una investigación aplicada, con nivel de investigación de tipo experimental. Las cáscaras de plátano se colectaron de la planta de compostaje de la Municipalidad Provincial de Leoncio Prado, Perú. De la muestra se prepararon cinco sub muestras para la producción de biogás y cinco muestras adicionales para la producción de biometano. Los sistemas mostraron una producción de 0,067 m3 BG/Kg ST de biogás y 0,059 m3CH4/Kg ST de biometano, que generó subproductos como el biol y biosol. Estos resultados presentaron una baja toxicidad al ser sometidos a pruebas germinativas, concluyéndose que solo el 11,5% de la cáscara introducida al biorreactor se degrado y de esta fracción solo el 2,8% se convirtió en biogás(AU)

As progress is being made in the 21st century, energy systems must move away from fossil fuels and increase the capacity of renewable energies if you want to meet the maximum temperatures objectives of the Paris Agreement. However, due to the challenges in the adoption of low carbon technologies, certain areas of global energy systems are difficult to control and decarbure. On the other hand, composting is one of the most important organic waste management practices that can be used to achieve soil and environmental sustainability. The compost has a minimum impact on some emissions, and can help control the carbon footprint and limit the negative environmental effects of the most deficient waste removal methods. The research aimed to determine the quality of producing biogas and biomethane from the banana peel (Musa paradisiaca L.). Methodologically, an applied investigation was developed, with experimental research level. The banana peels were collected from the composting plant of the Provincial Municipality of Leoncio Prado, Peru. From the sample, five sub samples were prepared for the production of biogas and five additional samples for biomethane production. The systems showed a production of 0.067 m3 bg/kg ST of biogas and 0.059 m3ch4/kg ST of biomethane, which generated by -products such as biol and biosol. These results presented a low toxicity when they were subjected to germinative evidence, concluding that only 11.5% of the shell introduced into the bioreactor was degraded and of this fraction only 2.8% became biogas(AU)

Riesgo patogénico por Aspergillus fumigatus en la producción de compost de Musa paradisiaca / Pathogenic risk by Aspergillus fumigatus in the compost production of Musa paradisiaca

Aspergillus fumigatus es un hongo con características de saprofito que crece en las partes muertas y en descomposición de la materia orgánica. La presencia de terapias inmunosupresoras o de antifúngicos pueden convertirlo en un patógeno fúngico oportunista causante de enfermedades como aspergilosis pulmonar crónica (CPA), aspergilosis invasiva aguda y síndrome de alergias. Pacientes que sufren de enfermedad pulmonar severa como la pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar aspergilosis pulmonar crónica y aspergilosis pulmonar necrosante crónica (CNPA) que pueden causar crecimiento de hongos en los tejidos dañados. Por otro lado, una de las fuentes más comunes de estos hongos son la generación de compost. Estos fertilizantes orgánicos no dañan al medio ambiente y podrían resultar una estrategia eficaz para salvaguardar el medio ambiente. El compost orgánico promueve el suelo con mejor capacidad de retención de agua y resistencia a la sequía. Entre los residuos agrícolas postcosecha más comunes utilizados en la formación de compost, se pueden mencionar a las cáscaras de yuca, de maní, de frutas y verduras, desechos de cervecería, cascarilla de cacao, cascarilla de cola, maíz, conchas de plátano (Musa paradisiaca). Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo determinar la calidad del compost producido a partir de la cáscara de plátano con el fin de aprovechar hasta un 70% de su biomasa en la Municipalidad Provincial de Leoncio Prado, Perú. Los resultados mostraron que la la degradación aerobia de la cáscara de M. paradisiaca generó emisiones de CO2 (88,61%), así como compost (6,57 %) y lixiviados (4,82 %). Sin embargo, los efectos fitotóxicos usando el índice de germinación mostraron una inhibición completa de las semillas probadas posiblemente debido al gran contenido de minerales (alto contenido de salinidad del compost y lixiviado), presencia de metales pesados, compuestos orgánicos presentes, o la presencia de hongos tales como el A. fumigatus(AU)

Aspergillus fumigatus is a saprophytic fungus that grows on dead and decomposing parts of organic matter. The presence of immunosuppressive or antifungal therapies can make it an opportunistic fungal pathogen causing diseases such as chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), acute invasive aspergillosis, and allergy syndrome. Patients suffering from severe lung disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk of developing chronic pulmonary aspergillosis and chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis (CNPA) which can cause fungal growth in damaged tissues. On the other hand, one of the most common sources of these fungi is the generation of compost. These organic fertilizers do not harm the environment and could be an effective strategy to safeguard the environment. Organic compost promotes soil with better water holding capacity and drought resistance. Among the most common postharvest agricultural residues used in the formation of compost, we can mention cassava shells, peanut shells, fruit and vegetable shells, brewery waste, cocoa shells, tail shells, corn, banana shells (Musa paradisiaca). The objective of this research was to determine the quality of the compost produced from the banana peel in order to take advantage of up to 70% of its biomass in the Provincial Municipality of Leoncio Prado, Peru. The results showed that the aerobic degradation of the shell of M. paradisiaca generated CO2 emissions (88.61%), as well as compost (6.57%) and leachates (4.82%). However, the phytotoxic effects using the germination index showed a complete inhibition of the tested seeds, possibly due to the high mineral content (high salinity content of the compost and leachate), the presence of heavy metals, organic compounds present, or the presence of fungi such as A. fumigatus(AU)

The potential use of papaya and banana peels as substrate to enhance the pigment production of Gram-positive bacterial strain isolated from Holothuria (Lessonothuria) pardalis

Aims@#The microbial pigment can be the best promising alternative to replace synthetic colorant. However, due to the high cost of synthetic medium for microbial pigment production, there is a need to develop a new low-cost medium of bacterial pigment production. This study aims to investigate the potential of banana and papaya peels as alternative lowcost substrates for a carotenoid-producing bacterium, B12 strain (bacteria strain isolated from Holothuria (Lessonothuria) pardalis).@*Methodology and results@#B12 strain identified as an aerobic bacterium with non-motile, diplobacilli shaped and Grampositive bacteria. The fermentation was optimized with different parameters included the effect of temperature, time, concentrations, pHs, carbon and nitrogen sources to find the optimum relative pigment concentration produced by B12. The results showed that the B12 strain produced the highest relative pigment concentration measured at 450 nm when the strain was cultivated at 37 °C and pH 7 in the culture medium incorporated with the combination of dried papaya peels and banana peels (100% v/v with ratio 1:1) at 72 h of incubation. Lactose, peptone and yeast were observed as the best carbon and nitrogen sources to increase the pigment concentration of B12 strain. Stability of the pigment was studied at different physiochemical stress, and it showed the pigment obtained from dried papaya and banana substrates can tolerate and stable under stress condition.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#This can be concluded that the combination of dried papaya and banana peels worked well as substrate and can be utilized as a fermentation medium to replace the synthetic medium which is more expensive and uneconomical for industry application. Besides, it also helps in managing waste and solving the pollution problem due to the increasing of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD).

Identification and verification of key salt-tolerant amino acid sites of banana MaNHX5 / 生物工程学报

In order to improve the salt tolerance of banana NHX genes, we cloned a MaNHX5 gene from Musa acuminata L. AAA group and predicted the key salt-tolerant amino acid sites and mutant protein structure changes of MaNHX5 by using bioinformatics tools. The 276-position serine (S) of MaNHX5 protein was successfully mutated to aspartic acid (D) by site-directed mutagenesis, and the AXT3 salt-sensitive mutant yeast was used for a functional complementation test. The results showed that after the mutated MaNHX5 gene was transferred to AXT3 salt-sensitive mutant yeast, the salt tolerance of the mutant yeast was significantly improved under 200 mmol/L NaCl treatment. It is hypothesized that Ser276 of MaNHX5 protein plays an important role in the transport of Na+ across the tonoplast.

Factors Associated with Abortion Complications after the Implementation of a Surveillance Network (MUSA Network) in a University Hospital / Fatores associados a complicações do aborto após a implementação de um sistema de vigilância (Rede MUSA) em um hospital universitário

Abstract Objective To evaluate the factors associated with abortion complications following the implementation of the good-practice surveillance network Mujeres en Situación de Aborto (Women Undergoing Abortion, MUSA, in Spanish). Methods A cross-sectional study withwomen who underwent abortion due to any cause and in any age group at UNICAMP Women's Hospital (part of MUSA network), Campinas, Brazil, between July 2017 and Agust 2019. The dependent variable was the presence of any abortion-related complications during hospitalization. The independent variables were clinical and sociodemographic data. The Chi-square test, the Mann-Whitney test, and multiple logistic regression were used for the statistical analysis. Results Overall, 305 women were enrolled (mean±standard deviation [SD] for age: 29.79±7.54 years). The mean gestational age was 11.17 (±3.63) weeks. Accidental pregnancy occurred in 196 (64.5%) cases, 91 (29.8%) due to contraception failure. At least 1 complication was observed in 23 (7.54%) women, and 8 (34.8%) of them had more than 1. The most frequent complications were excessive bleeding and infection. The factors independently associated with a higher prevalence of complications were higher gestational ages (odds ratio [OR]: 1.22; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.09 to 1.37) and contraceptive failure (OR: 3.4; 95%CI: 1.32 to 8.71). Conclusion Higher gestational age and contraceptive failure were associated with a higher prevalence of complications. This information obtained through the surveillance network can be used to improve care, particularly in women more susceptible to unfavorable outcomes.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os fatores associados às complicações em casos de aborto após a implementação da rede de vigilância de boas práticas Mujeres en Situación de Aborto (Mulheres em Situação de Aborto, MUSA, em espanhol). Métodos Um estudo transversal, com mulheres admitidas por aborto de qualquer causa e em qualquer faixa etária, no Hospital da Mulher da UNICAMP (parte da rede MUSA), Campinas, Brasil, entre julho de 2017 e agosto de 2019. A variável dependente foi a presença de qualquer complicação relacionada ao quadro de aborto durante a hospitalização. As variáveis independentes foram dados clínicos e sociodemográficos. O teste de qui-quadrado, o teste de Mann-Whitney, e a regressão logística múltipla foram usados na análise estatística. Resultados Foram incluídas 305 mulheres (média±desvio padrão [DP] da idade: 29,79±7,54 anos). A idade gestacional média foi de 11,17 (±3,63) semanas. A gravidez não foi planejada em 196 (64,5%) casos, 91 (29,8%) devido a falha de contraceptivo. Pelo menos 1 complicação foi observada em 23 (7,64%) mulheres, 8 (34,8%) das quais apresentaram mais de uma complicação. As complicações mais frequentes foram sangramento excessivo e infecção. Os fatores independentemente associados à maior prevalência de complicações foram idades gestacionais maiores (razão de chances [OR]: 1.22; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%]: 1.09 a 1.37) e falha de contraceptivo (OR: 3.4; IC95%: 1.32 a 8.71). Conclusão Maior idade gestacional e falha de contraceptivo estiveram associados à maior prevalência de complicações. As informações obtidas pela rede de vigilância podem ser usadas para melhorar o cuidado, particularmente nas mulheres mais suscetíveis a desfechos desfavoráveis.

Identification of a thaumatin-like protein as a new allergen in persimmon (Diospyros kaki) with cross-reactivity with banana (Musa acuminata) / Identificação de uma proteína semelhante à taumatina como um novo alérgeno no caqui (Diospyros kaki) com reatividade cruzada com a banana (Musa acuminata)

Allergy to persimmon (Diospyros kaki ) has been only rarely reported. The antigenic composition of the fruit is not entirely known. Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) have been described as allergens in pollens and various fruits, such as kiwi and banana, but not in persimmon. We report the case of a 22-year-old man, with persistent moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis, sensitized to house dust mites. The patient describes an episode of oral mucosa and ear canal pruritus, followed by diffuse urticaria, which rapidly evolved to dysphonia, dyspnea, and dizziness, after eating raw persimmon. A few months later he developed similar cutaneous symptoms accompanied by nausea, vomiting, abdominal colic, and hypotension immediately after the intake of banana. The prick-prick test with raw persimmon and banana were positive, as well as the serum specific IgE to the extract of these fruits. The ImmunoCAP ISAC_112i test demonstrated a positive specific IgE against Act d 2 (kiwi thaumatin), which is homologous to banana TLP (Mus a 4). Serum IgE inhibition test with "sponge" of Diospyros kaki ImmunoCAP (f301) showed partial inhibition (40%) of IgE to Act d 2. This raises the suspicion that a TLP is at least partially responsible for the referred sensitization. This patient is sensitized to Diospyros kaki and Musa acuminata. An anaphylactic reaction to consumed persimmon, presumably as a result from cross-allergy with banana thaumatin was diagnosed in our patient. Thaumatin has not been previously described as an allergen of persimmon with cross-reactivity with banana, and in vitro with Act d 2 (kiwi TLP).

A alergia ao caqui (Diospyros kaki ) tem sido raramente documentada, não sendo a composição antigênica da fruta totalmente conhecida. Proteínas semelhantes à taumatina (TLPs) foram descritas como alergênicos em pólens e várias frutas, como no kiwi e banana, mas não no caqui. Apresenta-se o caso de um doente de 22 anos, com rinite alérgica persistente moderadagrave, sensibilizado a ácaros do pó doméstico. O doente refere episódio de prurido na mucosa oral e canal auditivo, seguido de urticária generalizada, que rapidamente evoluiu para disfonia, dispneia e tontura, após ingestão de caqui. Poucos meses depois, desenvolveu sintomas cutâneos semelhantes, acompanhados de náuseas, vómitos, cólica abdominal e hipotensão imediatamente após ingestão de uma banana. O teste cutâneo por picada com caqui e banana em natureza foram positivos, bem como o doseamento de IgE específica. O teste ImmunoCAP ISAC_112i identificou a presença de IgE específica para Act d 2 (taumatina do kiwi), homóloga da TLP da banana (Mus a 4). O estudo de inibição ImmunoCAP ISAC com "esponja" de Diospyros kaki (f301) produziu uma inibição parcial (40%) da ligação de IgE a Act d 2, permitindo presumir que uma proteína semelhante à taumatina é, pelo menos, parcialmente responsável pela referida sensibilização. Este doente encontra-se sensibilizado a Diospyros kaki e Musa acuminata. Uma anafilaxia ao caqui ingerido, presumivelmente resultante de reatividade cruzada com a taumatina da banana foi diagnosticada. Não estão descritas na literatura TLPs como alergênicos do caqui com reatividade cruzada com a banana e com Act d 2 in vitro (TLP do kiwi).

Peristomal dermatitis: treatment with green banana peel (Musa sapientum) powder / Dermatite periestomal: tratamento com pó de casca de banana verde (Musa sapientum)

Objective: To develop green banana peel (Musa sapientum) powder for the treatment of peristomal dermatitis, and to evaluate its effectiveness and healing time. Methods: A clinical, analytical and longitudinal study. In total, 44 volunteers of both genders, aged>18 years, with intestinal ostomy, who presented peristomal dermatitis, participated in the research. The sample was divided into two groups: the study group used a powder containing 10% of green banana peel, and the control group used ostomy powder. The research was approved by the Ethics in Research Committees (Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa, CEP, in Portuguese) under opinion n° 2.381.904. Results: The healing time of the study group was shorter than that of the control group (p=0.022). To analyze the results, we used the two-sample t-test (mean days until healing for both study groups). Conclusion: The powder containing 10% of green banana peel was developed, and effective healing of the peristomal dermatitis was observed. Compared to the ostomy powder, it presented a shorter healing time. (AU)

Objetivo: Desenvolver o pó composto da casca da banana verde (Musa sapientum) para o tratamento de dermatite periestomal, e avaliar a eficácia e o tempo de cicatrização. Métodos: Estudo clínico, analítico e longitudinal. Participaram da pesquisa 44 voluntários, de ambos os gêneros, maiores de 18 anos, com estomias intestinais, e que apresentavam dermatite periestomal. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: o grupo de estudo usou umpó que continha 10% de casca de banana verde, e o grupo de controle usou pó para estomia. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP), sob o parecer n° 2.381.904. Resultados: O tempo de cicatrização do grupo de estudo foimenor do que o do grupo de controle (p=0.022). Para a análise dos resultados, empregou-se o teste t para duas amostras (média de dias de cicatrização de ambos os grupos). Conclusão: Desenvolveu-se o pó contendo 10% de casca de banana verde, e observouse cicatrização eficaz da dermatite periestomal. Em comparação com o pó para estomia, apresentou tempo menor até a cicatrização. (AU)

Determination of bioactive compounds, antimicrobial activity, and the phytochemistry of the organic banana peel in Thailand

Banana fruit is enriched with phytonutrients, minerals, and its peel, which is mostly discarded as waste. This research aimed to study its bioactive compound properties, antimicrobial activity, and identify and characterize the constituents of organic banana peel extract (BPE), composed of six species (i.e., Kluai Homthong, Kluai Namwa, Kluai Kai, Kluai Hukmook, Kluai Lebmuernang, and Kluai Homtaiwan). Total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant content, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were important in BPE of Kluai Kai. BPE of Kluai Hukmook could inhibit Aeromonas hydrophila and Staphylococcus aureus. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum exposed diverse compounds of primary and secondary phytochemicals. Four main constituents, including acetic acid, formic acid, 1,2-benzenediol,3-methyl-, and 4-hydroxy-2-methylacetophone derived from gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), demonstrated their antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity. This result suggests that organic banana peel can both be applied as an antioxidant and antimicrobial substance. BPE increases the value of banana peels (BPs) and reduces the burden of its waste disposal in the environment.

Elaboración de una galleta a base de harinas de plátano pelipita (Musa abb) y de batata (Ipomea batatas) / Preparation of a biscuit based on banana (Musa abb) and sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) flours

RESUMEN Con la finalidad de diversificar el uso de las harinas de plátano pelipita (Musa ABB) y batata (Ipomoea batatas), se propuso evaluar la funcionalidad de una galleta sustituyendo la harina de trigo con 70% de harina de plátano pelipita y 30% harina de batata con el fin de obtener un producto con propiedades físicas y organolépticas agradables, además de mejorar la calidad nutricional, en cuanto a fibra dietaría y almidones resistentes. Las galletas elaboradas a base de harina de plátano pelipita y batata incrementaron significativamente, con respecto a la galleta patrón (GP), en los siguientes componentes químicos: ceniza (0,6 a 2,1%), proteínas (de 3,9 a 5,3%), fibra dietaría (4,1 a 5,3%) y azucares totales (24,1 a 22,1%). La galleta de harina de plátano y batata cumple con los requerimientos establecidos en la industria en cuanto a humedad (3,3%), aw (0,410) y color (L= 49,3 a= 4,79 y b= 19,3). Los resultados mostraron que la harina compuesta, contribuyó a un ligero incremento en las fracciones de fibra, proteínas, ceniza, fósforo, calcio y hierro en las galletas. En conclusión, el uso de la harina de batata y plátano en una relación de 30% - 70% respectivamente, resultó un ingrediente adecuado en la elaboración de galletas con alta preferencia sensorial, constituyendo una alternativa como fuente de fibra dietética.

ABSTRACT In order to diversify the use of Pelipita banana (Musa ABB) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) flours, we proposed evaluating the functionality of a cookie replacing wheat flour with 70% Pelipita banana flour and 30% sweet potato flour in order to obtain a product with pleasant organoleptic and physical properties and improved nutritional quality, in terms of dietary fiber and resistant starch. Cookies prepared from Pelipita banana and sweet potato flours increased significantly with respect to the following chemical components: ash (from 0.6 to 2.1%), protein (3.9 to 5.3%), dietary fiber (4.1 to 5.3%) and total sugars (24.1 to 22.1%). Cookies made with banana and sweet potato flour met the requirements established in the industry in terms of moisture (3.3%), aw (0.410) and color (L= 49.3 a= 4.79 and b= 19.3). The results showed that the composite flour, contributed to a slight increase in fractions of fiber, protein, ash, phosphorus, calcium and iron in cookies. In conclusion, the use of sweet potato and banana flours in a ratio of 30%-70% respectively, was a suitable ingredient in the production of biscuits with high sensory preference, constituting an alternative source of dietary fiber.

Efecto de la cocción sobre el índice glicémico del plátano (Musa paradisiaca) y la yuca (Manihot esculenta) / Effect of cooking on the glycemic index of the banana (Musa paradisiaca) and the yuca (Manihot esculenta)

Introducción: se evaluó el efecto que distintos tipos de cocción tienen sobre el índice glicémico del plátano (Musa paradisiaca) maduro y la yuca (Manihot esculenta), alimentos que comúnmente consume población venezolana. Materiales y métodos: el estudio fue de tipo descriptivo. Los alimentos se adquirieron en mercados locales y se probaron las técnicas de horneado, hervido (sancochado) y frito. Se trabajó con la preparación artesanal tipo "casabe" como el equivalente a la yuca horneada. Se seleccionó una muestra de 35 individuos sanos, de sexo masculino, entre 20 y 25 años de edad, quienes se dividieron de manera completamente aleatoria en siete grupos de cinco personas cada uno para suministrarles el plátano y la yuca en sus diferentes preparaciones, y un grupo como control para suministrarle el pan blanco (alimento control). A los sujetos se les midió la glicemia basal y se le suministraron 50 g del alimento; se tomaron muestras de sangre capilar a intervalos de 15 minutos hasta alcanzar su glicemia basal. Con estos datos se calcularon los índices glicémicos. Resultados: se encontró que para el plátano frito el IG fue de 12,16±2,67, signifcativamente menor (p<0,001) al horneado (IG=91,13±11,52) o sancochado (IG=48,43±9,73). En el caso de la yuca, se observó que el grupo que consumió casabe exhibió el mayor IG=65±5,79, signifcativamente superior (p<0,001) al ocasionado por la yuca sancochada (IG=24±3,51) y la sancochada/frita (IG=32±4,45). Conclusiones: los hallazgos obtenidos en el estudio determinaron que la aplicación de distintos procesos de cocción sobre el mismo alimento altera signifcativamente su índice glicémico.

Banana anaphylaxis in Thailand: case series

BACKGROUND: Banana fruit has been recognized as an important food allergen source. Nowadays banana hypersensitivity had been reported more frequently with various presentations from oral allergy syndrome to anaphylaxis.OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the pattern of banana hypersensitivity and the sensitivity of diagnostic test.METHODS: Six patients who experienced banana hypersensitivity were recruited from adult allergy clinic, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University between 2015–2018. Demographic data, pattern of banana allergy consisted of the onset of reaction, symptoms, severity, cross-reactivity to kiwi, avocado, latex including type and amount of banana were collected. Skin test, serum specific IgE to banana and open-label food challenge test had been applied.RESULTS: All patients experienced multiple episodes of banana anaphylaxis. Regarding the diagnostic investigation, prick-to-prick skin test had higher sensitivity (sensitivity, 100%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 54.07%–100%) than the commercial banana extract (sensitivity, 83.33%; 95% CI, 35.88%–99.58%) and serum specific IgE to banana (sensitivity, 50%; 95% CI, 11.81%–88.19%). The discordance between skin prick test using commercial banana extract and skin test was reported. The cross-reactivity between the species of banana, kiwi, the avocado was documented in all patients. Latex skin prick test and application test were applied with negative results. From the oral food challenge test, a case of banana anaphylaxis patient can tolerate heated banana.CONCLUSION: The various phenotypes of banana hypersensitivity were identified. The prick-to-prick test showed the highest sensitivity for diagnosis of banana allergy. However, component resolved diagnostics might be needed for conclusive diagnosis.

Association between fruit and vegetable allergies and pollen-food allergy syndrome in Japanese children: a multicenter cross-sectional case series

BACKGROUND: Recently, the prevalence of food allergies during childhood is increasing, with fruits being common allergens. However, data on allergens that cause fruit and vegetable allergies and pollen-food allergy syndrome (PFAS) in childhood are relatively few. This study aimed to examine the allergens in fruit and vegetable allergies in pediatric patients and to determine the association between fruit and vegetable allergies and PFAS.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the current status of fruit and vegetable allergies in Japanese children.METHODS: This was a multicenter case series observational study. The participants included children aged <15 years who developed allergic symptoms after eating fruits and vegetables and subsequently received treatment in the Pediatric Department of 6 hospitals in the Osaka Prefecture in Japan during the study period from August 2016 to July 2017. Participants' information was obtained using a questionnaire, and data were obtained by performing several types of allergy tests using blood samples.RESULTS: A total of 97 children (median age, 9 years; 56 males) were included in the study. Apple was the most common allergen, followed by peach, kiwi, cantaloupe, and watermelon. A total of 74 participants (76%) exhibited allergic symptoms due to PFAS; moreover, pathogenesis-related protein-10 (PR-10) was the most common allergen superfamily. On the contrary, in the group where neither PR-10 nor profilin was sensitized, kiwi and banana were the most common allergens, and the age of onset was lower than that in the PFAS group. Specific antibody titer was significantly associated with Birch for Bet v1 and latex for Bet v2 (r = 0.99 and r = 0.89).CONCLUSION: When we examine patients with fruit and vegetable allergies, we should first consider PFAS even in childhood specifically for children greater than 4 years old.

Caracterização de pães de queijo adicionados de biomassa de banana verde / Characterization of cheese bread added with green banana biomass

O pão de queijo possui ampla aceitação no mercado e grande potencial para a inserção de um novo ingrediente em sua formulação. A adição de componentes funcionais em alimentos, como a biomassa de banana verde (BBV), é reconhecida e aprovada pelos consumidores. O objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver pães de queijo adicionados de biomassa de banana verde. Foram feitas substituições parciais com diferentes porcentagens de BBV pelos polvilhos doce e azedo e realizadas as análises químicas (umidade, cinzas, proteínas e gorduras), físicas (peso, diâmetro, densidade, volume específico, rendimento e coeficiente de expansão) e microbiológicas (Bacillus cereus, Coliformes a 45ºC, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e Salmonella) dos produtos elaborados. O estudo mostrou que a aplicação da BBV na massa de pão de queijo foi viável contribuindo para agregar valor ao produto tornando-o um alimento funcional.

Desenvolvimento e aceitabilidade de bolos com biomassa de banana verde e fermentado de kefir / Development and acceptance of cake with biomass of green banana and fermented of kefir

Devido ao aumento do consumo de produtos com maior valor nutritivo, o que tem levado cada vez mais, a busca dos consumidores por produtos funcionais. Este trabalho objetivou desenvolver e analisar a aceitabilidade, de três formulações de bolos com biomassa de banana verde e fermentado de kefir. De acordo com a análise da aceitabilidade do produto, no geral, observou-se que as notas atribuídas para as três formulações foram acima de 6, indicando uma avaliação positiva. Considera-se que as formulações teriam potencial para aceitação e compra no mercado, inclusive com a substituição da farinha de trigo por aveia em flocos finos, farinha de milho e farinha de arroz, por apresentarem valores nutricionais importantes para a saúde dos consumidores, sobretudo dos idosos.

Avaliação físico-química do iogurte de leite de cabra com e sem geleias de abacaxi (Ananas comosus) e banana (Musa spp) / Physico-chemical evaluation of goat's milk yogurt with and without pineapple (Ananas comosus) and banana (Musa spp) jellies

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade físico-química dos iogurtes elaborados de leite de cabra com e sem geleias de frutas de abacaxi e banana. Elaborou-se, IN–iogurte de leite de cabra sem adição de geleia de fruta (0%); IA–iogurte com adição de geleia de abacaxi (15 e 20%); IB–iogurte com adição de geleia de banana (15 e 20%), onde avaliou-se os teores de lactose, gordura, cinzas, pH, acidez e umidade, obtendo os resultados 4,3 a 6,3%; 3,8 a 5,5%; 0,5 a 0,6%; 4,29 a 4,38; 0,77 a 0,95g de ácido lático/100g; 78,7 a 88,0%, respectivamente, cuja diferença foi significativa (p<0,05), exceto para o teor de cinzas. Os parâmetros avaliados dos iogurtes, apresentaram-se de acordo com os valores da legislação, contribuindo para a valorização de derivados lácteos caprinos e inovação tecnológica através de um novo produto para o mercado consumidor.